Century of radiochemistry. History and future.
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Accession number;99A1007963
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| Title;Century of radiochemistry. History and future. |
| Author;
MYASOEDOV B F
(Vernadsky Inst. Geochemistry And Analytical Chemistry, Russian Acad. Sci., Moscow, Rus)
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Journal Title;Abstracts of Papers. Symposium on Radiochemistry
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Journal Code:F0139B
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ISSN:1345-2762
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VOL.43rd;NO.;PAGE.46(1999)
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| Figure&Table&Reference; |
| Pub. Country;Japan |
| Language;English |
| Abstract;Several periods can be shown in radiochemistry development history. First stage was when radiochemistry was actually conceived as independent scientific school; this period was connected with discovery of radioactivity, fundamental law studies of this phenomenon, revealing the main regularities of radioactive substances behavior. In the forties during the second period the main content of radiochemical research was put into practical applications of atomic energy, study of chemical properties of man made elements, development of technological methods of irradiated nuclear fuel treatment, solution of the radioactive wastes burial problem. Finally in the end of the sixties due to intense development of nuclear industry the third modern period of radiochemistry development had started when, as great Vernadsky foreboded, the mankind entered the phase of global impact on environment and the top priority problems became the studies of man-caused radionuclide behavior inside environment. In the report different sources of radionuclides impact in the nature are considered. Among them are: tests of nuclear and thermonuclear weapon in atmosphere and under ground, work of the radiochemical plants of the nuclear fuel cycle for production and accumulation of plutonium for the military purposes, different accidents in nuclear industry, unauthorized dump of radioactive materials in various places of the ocean and pouring off the strongly radioactive wastes from ships and submarines equipped with nuclear power engines. An overview is given of modern radioecological situation around reprocessing plant "Mayak", which was constructed more than 40 years ago for the production of plutonium for military purposes. The following problems are considered: lake Karachai; artificial water reservoirs contaminated by radionuclides; solid radioactive wastes and their vitrification.... (author abst.) |
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