Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin Hydrochloride (VCM) in Dialysis Patients.
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Accession number;01A0587559
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| Title;Pharmacokinetics of Vancomycin Hydrochloride (VCM) in Dialysis Patients. |
| Author;
TANAKA M
(Kanto Medical Center Ntt Ec)
GOMI T
(Kanto Medical Center Ntt Ec)
ORII T
(Kanto Medical Center Ntt Ec)
HIRONO S
(School Of Pharmaceutical Sci. Kitasato Univ.)
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Journal Title;Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences
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Journal Code:Y0888A
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ISSN:1346-342X
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VOL.27;NO.2;PAGE.175-182(2001)
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| Figure&Table&Reference;FIG.6, TBL.5, REF.18 |
| Pub. Country;Japan |
| Language;English |
| Abstract;Vancomycin hydrochloride (VCM) is widely used for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. However, this drug can cause severe adverse reactions, such as nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. As a result, monitoring the blood concentration of VCM is recommended. As VCM is excreted from the kidney without undergoing any metabolic changes, it is necessary to determine the loading dose of VCM and to monitor its blood concentration in patients with renal dysfunction. In patients with renal dysfunction, the loading dose of this drug can be determined using a nomogram. Although there have been various reports on the pharmacokinetics of VCM in both continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and hemodialysis (HD) patients, no conclusive findings have yet been reported. The present study therefore investigated the pharmacokinetics of VCM in six patients with MRSA-induced CAPD peritonitis and five HD patients with an MRSA infection. Of the six patients with CAPD peritonitis, VCM was administered intravenously to one patient, intraperitoneally via the CAPD bag to two patients, and by a combination of these two methods to three patients. In terms of the VCM doses, 20 mg/kg were administered intravenously to the CAPD and HD patients, and 30 mg/kg were administered intraperitoneally via the CAPD bag. The blood concentration, pharmacokinetic parameters, inflammation findings, clinical effects and clinical laboratory tests were analyzed. When VCM was administered intravenously to CAPD patients, its half-life varied greatly from one treatment to the next and from one patient to the next, with the administration time ranging from 37.7 to 341 hours. Nonetheless, the tendency was as follows: the more improved the peritonitis, the longer the half-life of the drugs.... (author abst.) |
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