Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Dystonia
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Accession number;06A0909595
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| Title;Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Dystonia |
| Author;
URUSHIHARA RYO
(Univ. Tokushima, Graduate School, Inst. Health Biosciences, JPN)
KAJI RYUJI
(Univ. Tokushima, Graduate School, Inst. Health Biosciences, JPN)
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Journal Title;Neurological Therapeutics
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Journal Code:X0110A
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ISSN:0916-8443
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VOL.23;NO.5;PAGE.493-498(2006)
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| Figure&Table&Reference;FIG.1, TBL.1, REF.24 |
| Pub. Country;Japan |
| Language;Japanese |
| Abstract;Dystonia is defined as a syndrome of sustained muscle contractions frequently causing twisting or repetitive movements or abnormal postures. Abnormal muscle contractions are stereotyped in the patients, and are characterized by co-contractions of agonists and antagonists or contractions of unnecessary muscle nearby. These involuntary movements in dystonia are explained by dysfunction in the basal ganglia. The previous electrophysiological studies in the patients with dystonia showed evidence for reducing intracortical inhibition in the primary motor cortex. In the previous studies using functional neuroimaging, patients with focal hand dystonia exhibited hyperactivity of the premotor cortex during writing. This increased excitability of the primary or non-primary motor areas might be caused by the abnormal basal ganglia output to these areas. Indeed, the basal ganglia has the interactions between the primary and non-primary motor areas. Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can produce the inhibitory effects for an extended period of time. Using this inhibitory effect, recent studies reduced the hyperactivities of the primary and/or non-primary motor areas in the patients, especially with writer's cramp. Although most of them showed the clinical improvement after subthreshold low-frequency rTMS on primary motor cortex or premotor cortex, the objective evidence shown in these studies did not show enough promise to support the effect of rTMS as a standard treatment for dystonia. Further studies are needed to explore the optimum stimulation frequency and phase. (author abst.) |
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